Psychologist Robert Epstein's research demonstrated the Search Engine Manipulation Effect (SEME): biased search rankings can shift voting preferences of undecided voters by 20% or more, with up to 80% of people unaware of the manipulation. Epstein estimated search bias may have shifted 78.2 million votes in the 2018 midterms. Google's autocomplete suggestions alone can turn a 50/50 voter split into 90/10. While Google denies intentional political manipulation, the 2020 DOJ antitrust case confirmed Google's monopolistic control over 92% of global search.