Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron, funded by the CIA's MKUltra Subproject 68 at Montreal's Allan Memorial Institute, subjected patients admitted for minor conditions to 'psychic driving' (forcing them to listen to messages 500,000 times), medically induced comas lasting months, and electroshock therapy at 30-40 times normal power. Patients were permanently debilitated, losing memories and basic functions. The Canadian government paid $100,000 to each of 77 victims in 1992.