As of 2024, 134 countries representing 98% of global GDP are exploring Central Bank Digital Currencies. China's digital yuan (e-CNY) already allows the government to monitor transactions in real-time, set expiration dates on money, and restrict purchases. The ECB's digital euro proposal includes potential spending limits and transaction monitoring. Nigeria's eNaira was linked to a cashless policy that caused widespread protests. Privacy advocates warn CBDCs could enable governments to freeze accounts, implement negative interest rates, and create financial social credit systems.