Snowden documents revealed the MUSCULAR program (DS-200B), jointly operated by the NSA and GCHQ, which intercepted data flowing through fiber-optic cables connecting Google and Yahoo data centers worldwide. Unlike PRISM, MUSCULAR required no warrants or corporate cooperation. In just 30 days, the program collected over 181 million records including emails, text, audio, and video. Google was so outraged it began encrypting all inter-data-center traffic.