In the late 1980s, Philip Morris and R.J. Reynolds acquired Kraft, Nabisco, and General Mills, then reformulated products using tobacco-style addiction engineering. Research published in Addiction (2023) found tobacco-owned foods were 29% more likely to be fat-sodium hyper-palatable and 80% more likely to be carb-sodium hyper-palatable. A 2023 review of 281 studies found 14% of adults are addicted to ultra-processed foods — the same rate as alcohol addiction (14%) and close to tobacco (18%).