The Panama Papers (2016) and Pandora Papers (2021) — the largest data leaks in history — exposed how heads of state, billionaires, and celebrities used shell companies and offshore accounts to hide wealth and evade taxes. The leaks implicated 35 current and former world leaders, over 300 public officials, and revealed $11.3 trillion held offshore. Iceland's PM resigned, Pakistan's PM was removed, and hundreds of investigations were launched worldwide.