Thalidomide was marketed in 46 countries for morning sickness without ever being tested on pregnant women. When German pediatrician Dr. Widukind Lenz identified the drug as causing birth defects, Grünenthal threatened him with legal action. The company bribed doctors, pressured medical journals to delay critical publications, and continued selling the drug. Over 10,000 babies were born with severe deformities; 40% died. Grünenthal didn't apologize until 2012 — over 50 years later.